Contributing factors
- Dietary Habits: Consumption of soft foods that adhere to teeth surfaces can promote plaque formation.
- Breed Predisposition: Small and brachycephalic breeds often exhibit dental overcrowding, increasing the risk of periodontal disease.
- Systemic Conditions: Diseases such as diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency can exacerbate oral malodor.
Impact of Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease progresses through stages: gingivitis, early periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, and advanced periodontitis. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss and has been linked to systemic conditions, including endocarditis and renal disease. Early intervention is paramount to prevent irreversible damage.
Diagnostic Approach
A comprehensive oral examination should include:
- Visual Inspection: Assess for signs of gingival inflammation, recession, and plaque accumulation.
- Olfactory Assessment: Evaluate the character and intensity of oral odors.
- Diagnostic Imaging: Dental radiographs are essential to evaluate the extent of periodontal involvement and to detect subgingival pathology.
Management Strategies
Effective management encompasses both professional treatment and at-home care:
- Professional Dental Cleaning: Scaling and polishing to remove plaque and tartar, coupled with periodontal therapy as needed.
- Antimicrobial Therapy: Utilization of oral gels containing antimicrobial agents to control bacterial proliferation.
- Home Care Regimen: Regular tooth brushing with veterinary-approved toothpaste and the application of oral hygiene gels.
