Grey cat scratching with golden retreiver in the background

Itchy Skin in Companion Animals

Pruritus (itchy skin) is one of the most common dermatological complaints in veterinary practice, affecting dogs and cats of all breeds and ages. It can significantly impact an animal’s quality of life, leading to excessive scratching, licking, chewing, and secondary skin damage. Identifying the underlying cause of pruritus is essential for effective management and long-term relief.

Common Causes of Itchy Skin

Pruritus in pets can be triggered by a variety of conditions, including:

Allergy

Atopic dermatitis: A chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites).
Food allergies: Adverse reactions to specific proteins in the diet, often presenting with persistent pruritus, especially around the face, ears, and paws.
Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD): A hypersensitivity reaction to flea saliva, causing intense itching, particularly at the tail base and hindquarters.

Parasitic Infestations

Fleas and mites (Sarcoptes, Demodex, Cheyletiella): Infestations often cause severe pruritus, hair loss, and skin irritation.
Ticks and lice: Can contribute to localized itching and discomfort.

Infections & Microbial Overgrowth

Bacterial pyoderma: Often secondary to underlying conditions, bacterial infections can exacerbate itching and lead to pustules and crusting.
Malassezia dermatitis: Yeast overgrowth commonly found in humid environments, associated with greasy skin and a distinctive odor.

Other Contributing Factors

Seborrheic disorders: Excessive scaling and oiliness can lead to irritation and secondary infections.
Endocrine disorders: Hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism can alter skin health, predisposing animals to itching and infections.
Environmental factors: Dry climates, excessive bathing, and irritants such as harsh shampoos can disrupt the skin barrier.

If not treated in time, priritus can lead to wounds, hair loss and serious infections
If a pet is scratching excessively it is probably due to some underlying problem

Clinical Signs of Pruritus

Persistent scratching, licking, or chewing
Hair loss (alopecia)
Red, inflamed, or thickened skin
Hot spots (moist dermatitis)
Hyperpigmentation and lichenification in chronic cases
Secondary bacterial or yeast infections

Diagnosis: Identifying the Underlying Cause

A thorough diagnostic approach is critical to differentiate the cause of pruritus and tailor an appropriate treatment plan. Recommended diagnostics include:

History & Clinical Examination: Assessing onset, frequency, seasonality, diet, and previous treatments.
Skin Cytology: Identifying bacteria, yeast, or inflammatory cells.
Skin Scraping & Trichoscopy: Evaluating for ectoparasites (mites, Demodex, Cheyletiella).
Fungal Cultures & Wood’s Lamp Exam: Detecting dermatophytosis.
Allergy Testing with PAX serology test
Dietary Elimination Trials
Bloodwork & Endocrine Testing: Screening for systemic conditions such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease.

Treatment & Management Strategies

A multimodal approach is often necessary to provide relief and prevent recurrence.

Medicated shampoos, mousses, and sprays help to soothe irritation, restore the skin barrier, and reduce microbial overgrowth. Key benefits include:
Reducing inflammation and pruritus
Controlling secondary infections
Hydrating and strengthening the skin barrier
Symptomatic medicaton such as corticosteroids, oclacitinib and lokivetmab target pruritus offering immediate relief.
Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs) that support skin health and reduce inflammation.
Regular flea control to prevent FAD
Balanced nutrition, including omega-3 fatty acids
Moisturizing products to maintain skin hydration
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT), the only treatment for the root cause of allergy and that offers long-term relief.

Ermidrà

...is a line of hydrating products, it includes shampoo, foam and spray, all formulated to soothe dry, itchy, and irritated skin. Ideal for pets with allergic dermatitis or environmental sensitivities, Ermidrà helps restore moisture balance, reducing discomfort and excessive scratching. Its formulation supports skin hydration without leaving a greasy residue, making it a great addition to daily dermatological care.